The quality and safety of edible agricultural products have obviously contributed to the health of consumers, and even the life safety. In China, agro-foods account for more than 70 percent of food products, mainly including grain, oil, fruit, vegetable, tea, meat, egg, milk, edible fungi, bee and aquatic products. Chinese people each annually have an intake of 99 and 64 kg of vegetable and rice, respectively. Since the 21st century, with the continuous improvement of people's living standards and quality of life, the quality and safety of edible agricultural products have increasingly become the hot spots and focus issues attached great importance by the Chinese government to and very concerned by ordinary people. In the past two decades, the quality and safety level of agro-foods in China have been continuously improved, reflecting the trend of rapid improvement, increasing year by year, and overall stability for product qualified rate, and also the tread of a significant decrease in the detection value of toxic and harmful substances. The results of national routine monitoring show that the qualified rate of edible agricultural products increased by 33 percentage points in 20 years from 2001 to 2021, reached 97.6% in 2021, and remained stable above 97% in the past seven consecutive years. However, due to the small agricultural scale in China, the long production cycle of agricultural products, the complex production process, and the production is mainly produced in the open natural environment, the whole industrial chain is very difficult to be controlled, so there are many quality and safety risks of agro-foods that may still result in some local problems, such as pesticide or veterinary drug residues exceeding the standard. At the same time, due to the poor knowledge of popular science, and some frequent false reports or even speculation by some media or we-media, rumors spread in the society, making consumers' unnecessary worry and even fear, which affects the development of agricultural industry and the income of farmers. To this end, in the field of the quality and safety for edible agricultural products, the Chinese government is strengthening the construction of seven systems, including administrative supervision, laws and regulations, standards and specifications, inspection and testing, risk assessment, certification and traceability, and scientific and technological innovation. First, the segmented supervision to the quality and safety of agro-foods is being implemented by distinct administrative departments according to before or after "three into" (into the market, into the factory, into the catering link) of agro-foods; Second, a series of laws and regulations such as “Food Safety Law”, “Agricultural Product Quality and Safety Law” were promulgated; Third, the five-level national, industrial, local, group and enterprise standard system was established, and 10,092 national standards for maximum pesticide residue limit and 6,216 agricultural industry standards were developed; Fourth, 3,293 ministerial, provincial, district and county four-level inspection and testing institutions for agro-food quality and safety were set up, and testing personnel reached 32,000 people; Fifth, one national center, 105 laboratories and 148 experimental stations are undertaking the risk assessment tasks for quality and safety of agricultural products; Sixth, the "three products and one standard" (green food, organic food, agricultural products geographically indicated, and agro-foods qualified standards) are being certificated; Seventh, the three-level national, provincial and district agricultural academies and related universities setup disciplines and professional departments for agro-food quality and safety, which are carrying out scientific and technological innovation to provide scientific and technological support for industrial production, product circulation and government supervision.

Cells are constantly challenged by endogenous and exogenous sources of DNA damage. DNA damage defense mechanisms protect the genome and contribute to the recovery of cellular homeostasis through DNA damage response (DDR) signaling, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation. In response to DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), RSF1(Remodeling and Spacing Factor 1) and WSTF (Williams–Beuren syndrome transcription factor) subunits of the ISWI chromatin remodeling complexes rapidly move to the damaged lesion. RSF1 recruits HDAC1 to DSB sites. The RSF1-HDAC1 complex triggers the deacetylation of H2A(X)-K118 and subsequent histone ubiquitination at H2A-K119 that induces the local transcriptional repression in proximity to DSB sites. WSTF controls the tyrosine phosphorylation at H2AX-Tyr142 in transcriptionally active chromatins, and at the damaged region it facilitates the transcription-coupled homologous recombination (TC-HR) by utilizing the RNA Pol II-dependent RNA transcripts as donor templates. Meanwhile, the tumor suppressor p53 responds to DNA damage and elicits diverse transcriptional regulation, which is important for cell fate determination. In RSF1 deficient cells, the global transcriptome analysis revealed that the expressions of p53 downstream genes were significantly reduced upon DNA strand breaks. RSF1 is necessary for p53-dependent gene expression by controlling the accessibility of p53/p300 complex to its target genes in chromatin environment. I will discuss how RSF1 controls both the local transcriptional suppression and p53-mediated global transcriptional upregulation in damaged cells.

There are two environmental issues with phosphorus (P): one caused by its deficiency in soil and the other due to its abundance in water. In soil, P is an essential nutrient for plant growth and is involved in cell division, reproduction, plant metabolism, and the formation of energy-rich molecules. A lack of available P inhibits plant growth by reducing plant height, tiller number, dry matter, and leaf photosynthetic rates, which in turn reduces grain yield in rice. Phosphorus fertilizer is mainly produced from the mining of phosphate rock, but a shortage of phosphate rock is expected after 2033. Eutrophication by the excess of P causes hypoxia or anoxia in the water body, leading to the loss of aquatic animals due to low dissolved oxygen, which adversely affects the balance of organic matter. There is growing interest in P recovery from the anthropogenic organic P cycle (i.e., soil–plants–humans/animals–organic waste–soil) for the preservation of P resources and sustainable development. In this study, we suggested the applicability of calcium-rich organic waste (CROW), including eggshells, oyster shells, and mussel shells, for removing P in contaminated water and the utilization of P adsorbed CROW (P-CROW) as fertilizer for growing rice plants to remediate the one-way flow of P from non-renewable phosphate rocks to the aquatic ecosystem. To improve its P sorption capacity, the CROW was calcined, and the optimum calcination temperature was determined. The physical and chemical properties of CROW calcined at different temperatures were characterized, and the effects of reaction conditions on P removal by CROW were investigated through batch experiments and model analysis. The feasibility of calcined CROW (C-CROW) as an adsorbent for P removal was also assessed under dynamic flow conditions using natural lake water. In order to determine the viability of P-adsorbed C-CROW as a fertilizer, their eco-toxicity was evaluated using bioluminescent bacteria and earthworms. Rice growth experiments were performed to assess the effectiveness of P-adsorbed C-CROW as a fertilizer.